In recent years, there has been growing recognition of the limitations of traditional education systems. Often characterized by rigid structures, standardized curricula, and a heavy emphasis on testing, conventional educational models can stifle creativity, limit engagement, and fail to address the diverse needs of students. These systems can overlook the importance of experiential learning, emotional development, and the cultivation of critical thinking skills, leaving students disengaged and unprepared for the complexities of the real world. As educators seek more holistic and inclusive approaches, alternative models like Nature-Based Learning (NBL) offer promising pathways to address these challenges.

What is NBL?

Nature-Based Learning (NBL) is an engaging educational approach that immerses children in natural environments to foster learning and development (Meier & Sisk-Hilton, 2013). By utilizing nature as a dynamic classroom, NBL encourages exploration, curiosity, and a deep connection to the natural world. It can occur with varying degrees of guidance or structure, across the age span, alone or with others, and in urban, suburban, rural, and wilderness settings. This approach allows for flexible and diverse learning experiences that adapt to different contexts and individual needs, making it accessible and beneficial for a wide range of learners.

See the video below to get an idea of the day-to-day feel of a nature-based preschool:

Key Characteristics and Elements of NBL

Key characteristics and elements of Nature-Based Learning (NBL) revolve around its holistic approach to education, which places a strong emphasis on direct interaction with nature. This direct engagement allows children to cultivate a profound sense of wonder, curiosity, and respect for the natural world through firsthand experiences. At its core, NBL is child-centered, prioritizing the interests and curiosity of children, which naturally drives exploration and discovery. By encouraging children to lead their own learning journeys, NBL empowers them to become active participants in their education, promoting independence, self-confidence, and critical thinking skills.

Furthermore, NBL is characterized by its interdisciplinary approach to learning, integrating subjects such as science, mathematics, social studies, and the arts. For example, children can investigate ecosystems, conduct scientific measurements, study indigenous cultures, and express their creativity through nature-inspired art and storytelling. This integration helps children see the interconnectedness of different disciplines and apply their knowledge in meaningful ways.

Emotional and social development is also a fundamental focus of NBL. By providing opportunities for children to connect with their emotions and the emotions of others, NBL fosters emotional intelligence and social awareness. It emphasizes building empathy and developing strong interpersonal skills through collaborative activities and shared experiences. Experiential learning is another cornerstone of NBL, as it encourages hands-on exploration and problem-solving in real-world contexts. By engaging actively with their environment, children enhance their critical thinking abilities, creativity, and understanding of the world around them.

Lastly, NBL fosters a strong sense of community and belonging, as children work together, share experiences, and develop a deep connection to the natural world. This sense of community not only enhances their learning but also instills a sense of stewardship and responsibility toward the environment and each other. Through these key elements, NBL provides a comprehensive and enriching educational experience that nurtures the whole child.

Historical Context and Evolution of NBL

Nature-Based Learning represents a contemporary shift in educational philosophy, moving away from traditional classroom settings to prioritize direct interaction with the natural world. NBL has experienced a significant resurgence in recent years, though its roots trace back to the 1800s. Early pioneers include nature study, which emerged as a prominent educational approach in the United States during the late 19th century, emphasizing direct observation and engagement with the natural world. Embodied by the mantra “study nature, not books,” this movement laid the foundation for contemporary nature-based learning (Kohlstedt, 2005). Forest schools also emerged in Germany and Scandinavia during the 19th century, building upon earlier kindergarten practices that incorporated outdoor education. These programs emphasize direct nature immersion and child-led learning, and have subsequently been adopted by countries including Denmark, Sweden, England, and the United States (Cree & McCree, 2012). These initiatives laid the groundwork for contemporary NBL practices, emphasizing direct interaction with nature with a surge in interest in the last few years. These schools emphasize experiential learning through play and exploration in natural environments. Children engage in activities such as building, climbing, and observing wildlife, which fosters creativity, problem-solving skills, and a deep connection to the environment. The approach prioritizes holistic development, combining physical activity with social and cognitive growth, and is known for its positive impact on children’s well-being and academic performance. By integrating nature into daily learning, forest schools cultivate resilience, curiosity, and a love for the outdoors. As educators and caregivers continue to recognize the benefits of nature-based learning, its popularity and implementation are expected to grow, further enriching the educational experiences of children worldwide.

Read this article for a deeper look at the history of outdoor and nature-based learning or this article about danish forest schools.

Video – Danish Forest Kindergarten

Key Takeaways:

Here are three practical strategies from this lesson:

1. Design Open-Ended, Interdisciplinary Projects: Incorporate open-ended projects that encourage students to explore their interests and engage with the natural world. Use natural materials such as leaves, stones, and twigs for art, construction, and design challenges. These activities foster creativity, problem-solving, and critical thinking.
2. Facilitate Experiential Learning and Emotional Development: Use nature-based activities to promote hands-on, experiential learning and emotional development. Engage students in real-world problem-solving by encouraging observation, experimentation, and reflection. Outdoor activities that incorporate storytelling, drama, and music provide opportunities for creative and collaborative expression. These experiences build emotional intelligence and social awareness by fostering empathy, interpersonal skills, and a sense of community.
3. Foster a Sense of Community and Environmental Stewardship: Encourage teamwork and collaboration by organizing group activities and projects that require students to work together in outdoor settings. Build a sense of belonging and community by facilitating shared experiences and developing a deep connection to the natural world. Emphasize environmental stewardship by teaching students about the importance of caring for the environment and each other.